§1859Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen
developed the science of spectroscopy.
§1864Crime scene photography developed
§1879Alphonse Bertillon developed a system to
identify people using particular body measurements
§1896Edward Henry developed first classification
system for fingerprint identification
§1900Karl Landsteiner identified human blood
groups
§1904Edmond Locard formulated his famous
principle, Every contact leaves a trace.
§1922Francis Aston developed the mass
spectrometer.
§1959James Watson and Francis Crick discover the
DNA double helix
§1977AFIS developed by FBI, fully automated in
1996
§1984Jeffreys developed and used first DNA tests
to be applied to a criminal case