Bio Semester 1 Final Study Guide

Scientific Method

What is a variable?

What comes after a hypothesis that is more solid?

What is it called when you predict something?

Why do scientists publish the details of their experimental work?

Know how to read tables and graphs.

Ecology Study Guide

Define biodiversity.

What is abiotic vs. biotic factors?

What is a niche vs. habitat? What happens if the niches overlap?

How does CO2 enter into the carbon cycle? In the carbon cycle, how does oxygen cycle through photosynthesis and respiration?

What are producers and decomposers? Give ex. of each.

Would a fungus be a producer or a decomposer? Explain.

How is energy passed on in a food web/energy pyramid? Know 10% rule.

(***At least FIVE questions on the final!*** How is energy passed on in a food chain?

Who gets the least/most energy in an energy pyramid?

What are autotrophs, heterotrophs, carnivores, omnivores and herbivores?

What is meant by 1st, 2nd, 3rd Order consumers on a pyramid?

Define carrying capacity. Which of the following increase a population’s size? (death rate, birth rate, immigration and emigration)

List the factors that help to determine the population growth rate.

Describe how a limiting factor affects a population size.

What is the greatest threat to biodiversity? What is biodiversity?

What are the abiotic and biotic parts of the nitrogen and water cycles?

Define extinct, threatened and endangered species. How does the number of species affect extinction?

Macromolecules/Organic compounds

What is the primary function of a carbohydrate? Of a protein?

What are the building blocks of carbs?

Enzymes do what to a reaction?

Which element must organic compounds have in them?

What organic compound do enzymes fall under?

What is the building block of proteins?

Cell

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Which organelle controls the cell?

Which organelle sorts and transports? (more sort than transport)

Identify a nucleus and Golgi body on a picture.

What organelles do plant cells have but not animals

Which organelle is best described as a passageway?

What is homeostasis?

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Which cell type has a nucleus and specialized organelles?

What are the three principles of the cell theory?

What would happen if your mitochondria were abnormal (not working)?

DNA and RNA are what type of organic compound / molecule ?

Transport

Which type of transport requires energy?

What is diffusion?

Which way does water move in order to burst a cell?

Meiosis/Mitosis

Which process makes gametes?

What does not happen in between meiosis I and II so the chromosomes are reduced?

If the animal’s diploid number is 20 what is its haploid number?

How are cells different if they both contain the same set of chromosomes?

What is the product (or result) of meiosis?

What does crossing over look like? Draw it.

Reproductive cells go through which process?

Gametes have _____ allele for each trait.

Photosynthesis/Cell Respiration

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration opposites?

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make what?

What would happen if you got rid of CO2 to the plant’s production of glucose?

What gas is being given off coming from a plant?

What are some ways CO2 enters the biosphere?

Genetics

In the cross RR x Rr, how many different phenotypes would result?

Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to whom?

If the parent was RrYY what are the possible gametes?

Know how to do a pedigree. (one question on this)

What does a punnett square show?

What are the chances of having a boy? A girl?

A child’s sex is determined by which parent?

Why were all the offspring tall when Mendel crossed a homozygous short plant with a homozygous tall plant?

What type of inheritance is it when one allele is not completely dominant over the other?

A mom has A blood type the Dad O blood type what are the possibilities for the kids?

Mendel used peas to study what?

The law of dominance states…..

If a defective gene is on the X chromosome then who normally gives it to the son?

Def. of homozygous.

Know how to do a sex-linked problem. To practice, cross XAXa x XaY. Why is there no superscript on the Y chromosome?

How many alleles does a gamete have for each trait?

Definition of a zygote.

How can a skin cell and a heart cell be so different if they contain the exact same set of chromosomes?