Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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In mRNA _____ is used as a nitrogenous base instead of _____, found in
DNA.
a. | Uracil, Thymine | c. | Thymine, Adnine | b. | Guanine, Cytosine | d. | Adnine, Uracil |
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2.
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The codon AUG always signals what event in a cell?
a. | Stopping of protein synthesis | c. | DNA replication | b. | Starting of
protein synthesis | d. | none of
the above |
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3.
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The enzyme ______ unwinds and unzips DNA so replication can occur.
a. | Polymerase | c. | Lactase | b. | Lipase | d. | Helicase |
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4.
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What types of bonds hold amino acids together to make a protein?
a. | hydrogen | c. | super | b. | peptide | d. | covalent |
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5.
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Where does DNA replication take place within the cell?
a. | Endoplasmic Reticulum | c. | Cytoplasum | b. | Nucleus | d. | Not in the cell |
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6.
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Which one of the following nucleotide pair bonds would be found in a DNA
molecule?
a. | adenine-guanine | c. | adenine-cytosine | b. | guanine-cytosine | d. | cytosine-uracil |
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7.
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The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components?
a. | phosphate molecules and ribose sugars | b. | deoxyphosphate molecules and ribose
sugars | c. | phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars | d. | deoxyphosphate
molecules and deoxyribose sugars |
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8.
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Ribosomes are made of _____.
a. | rRNA and protein | c. | rRNA and mRNA | b. | tRNA and mRNA | d. | protein and
tRNA |
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9.
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Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _____.
a. | a short molecule | c. | a protein molecule | b. | the shape of a double helix | d. | the genetic
material |
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10.
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The process by which a DNA molecule is copied is called _____.
a. | binary fission | c. | replication | b. | mitosis | d. | translation |
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11.
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A DNA nucleotide may be made up of a phosphate group, along with _____.
a. | deoxyribose sugar and uracil | c. | deoxyribose sugar and
thymine | b. | ribose sugar and adenine | d. | ribose sugar and cytosine |
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12.
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Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size?
a. | chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA, nucleotide | b. | cell, nucleus,
chromosome, DNA, nucleotide | c. | nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA,
nucleus | d. | cell, nucleotide, nucleus, DNA, chromosome |
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13.
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X rays, ultraviolet light, and radioactive substances that can change the
chemical nature of DNA are classified as _____.
a. | growth regulators | c. | hydrolytic enzymes | b. | metamorphic molecules | d. | mutagens |
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Help Wanted | | Positions Available in the genetics industry.
Hundreds of entry-level openings for tireless workers. No previous experience necessary. Must be able
to transcribe code in a nuclear environment. The ability to work in close association with ribosomes
is a must. | | Accuracy and Speed vital
for this job in the field of translation. Applicants must demonstrate skills in transporting and
positioning amino acids. Salary commensurate with experience. | | Executive Position available. Must be able to maintain
genetic continuity through replication and control cellular activity by regulation of enzyme
production. Limited number of openings. All benefits. | | Supervisor of production of proteins—all shifts. Must be able to follow exact
directions from double-stranded template. Travel from nucleus to the cytoplasm is additional job
benefit. | |
Table 11-1
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14.
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Applicants for the fourth job of the Help Wanted ad in Table 11-1,
"Supervisor," could qualify if they were _____.
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15.
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Applicants for the third job of the Help Wanted ad in Table 11-1,
"Executive Position," could qualify if they were _____.
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16.
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Applicants for the second job of the Help Wanted ad in Table 11-1,
"Accuracy and Speed," could qualify if they were _____.
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 Figure
11-3
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17.
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Which structure shown in Figure 11-3 is a pyrimidine?
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18.
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Which structure shown in Figure 11-3 does not contain a nitrogenous base?
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 Figure
11-4
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19.
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What type of mutation has occurred in Figure 11-4?
a. | point mutation | c. | lethal | b. | frame shift | d. | protein |
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20.
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What will be the result of the mutation in Figure 11-4?
a. | it will have no affect on protein function | b. | only one amino acid
will change | c. | nearly every amino acid in the protein will be changed | d. | the organism will
die |
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21.
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Figure 12-5 shows the structure of a(an) 
Figure 12–5
a. | DNA molecule. | c. | RNA molecule. | b. | amino acid. | d. | protein. |
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22.
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DNA is copied during a process called
a. | replication. | c. | transcription. | b. | translation. | d. | transformation. |
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23.
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In eukaryotes, DNA
a. | is located in the nucleus. | c. | is located in the
ribosomes. | b. | floats freely in the cytoplasm. | d. | is circular. |
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24.
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RNA contains the sugar
a. | ribose. | c. | glucose. | b. | deoxyribose. | d. | lactose. |
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25.
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Which RNA molecule carries amino acids?
a. | messenger RNA | c. | ribosomal RNA | b. | transfer RNA | d. | RNA polymerase |
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26.
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What is produced during transcription?
a. | RNA molecules | c. | RNA polymerase | b. | DNA molecules | d. | proteins |
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27.
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What does Figure 12-6 show?  Figure 12-6a. | anticodons | b. | the order in which amino acids are
linked | c. | the code for splicing mRNA | d. | the mRNA codons and their associated amino
acids |
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28.
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What happens during the process of translation?
a. | Messenger RNA is made from DNA. | b. | The cell uses information from messenger RNA to
produce proteins. | c. | Transfer RNA is made from messenger
RNA. | d. | Copies of DNA molecules are made. |
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29.
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What does Figure 13-1 show? 
Figure 13–1
a. | gel electrophoresis | b. | DNA sequencing | c. | a restriction enzyme
cutting different sequences of DNA | d. | polymerase chain
reaction |
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30.
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An application of using DNA technology to help environmental scientists would be
_____.
a. | use PCR to analyze DNA at a crime scene | b. | create a tobacco
plant that glows in the dark | c. | clone the gene for human growth hormone to
treat pituitary dwarfism | d. | make transgenic bacteria that can be used to
clean up oil spills more quickly than do the natural bacteria |
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31.
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Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to _____.
a. | clone chromosomes of various species | b. | cut DNA into fragments of various
sizes | c. | separate DNA fragments by charge and length | d. | inject foreign DNA
into animal and plant cells |
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32.
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A small amount of DNA obtained from a mummy or from frozen remains of a human
may be cloned. In order to clone small amounts of DNA, _____ needs to be used to generate larger
quantities of the DNA.
a. | polymerase chain reaction techniques | b. | gel electrophoresis | c. | DNA
fingerprinting | d. | gene splicing |
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33.
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Examine the pieces of DNA represented in Figure 13-1. Why are the nucleotide
sequences on both strands referred to as palindromes?  Figure 13-1 a. | the sequences show chromosome mutation | b. | the DNA is an example of a transgenic
codon | c. | the sequences are the same but run in opposite directions | d. | each nucleotide is
represented |
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34.
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What must be on either end of any genetic material that is inserted into the
cleaved DNA in Figure 13-5?  Figure
13-5
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 Figure
13-6
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35.
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Which segment in Figure 13-6 is not a palidrome?
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36.
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If the segments in Figure 13-6 are mixed with several restriction enzymes, which
will not be cleaved?
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37.
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According to Figure 13-7, which DNA sequence will be cleaved by EcoRI, which
cuts AATT/TTAA?  Figure
13-7
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 Figure
13-8
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38.
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According to Figure 13-8, which are the parents of the child?
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39.
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According to Figure 13-8, which parents might give a false positive if only the
longer DNA fragments were analyzed?
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