Bio Semester 1 Final Study Guide

Scientific Method

1. What is a variable?

2. What comes after a hypothesis that is more solid?

3. What is it called when you predict something?

4. Why do scientists publish their work?

Macromolecules/Organic compounds

1. What is the primary function of a carbohydrate?

2. What are the building blocks of carbs?

3. Enzymes do what to a reaction?

4. Which element must organic compounds have in them?

5. What organic compound do enzymes fall under?

Cell

1. What is the function of the mitochondria?

2. Which organelle control’s the cell?

3. Which organelle sorts and transports? (more sort than transport)

4. Identify a nucleus and Golgi body on a picture.

5. What organelles do plant cells have but not animals

6. Which organelle is best described as a passageway?

7. What is homeostasis?

8. What is the function of the cell membrane?

9. Which cell type has a nucleus and specialized organelles?

10. What are the three principles of the cell theory?

11. What would happen if your mitochondria were abnormal (not working)?

Transport

1. Which type of transport requires energy?

2. Def of diffusion.

3. Which way does water move in order to burst a cell?

Meiosis/Mitosis

1. Which process makes gametes?

2. What does not happen in between meiosis I and II so the chromosomes are reduced?

3. If the animal’s diploid number is 20 what is its haploid number?

4. How are different cell’s different if they both contain the same set of chromosomes?

5. What is the product of meiosis?

6. What doe crossing- over look like? Draw it.

7. Reproductive cells go through which process?

8. Gametes have _____ allele for each trait.

Genetics

1. RR x Rr how many diff. phenotypes?

2. Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to whom?

3. If the parent was RrYY what are the possible gametes?

4. Know how to do a pedigree. (one question on this)

5. What does a punnett square show?

6. What are the chances of having a boy?

7. A child’s sex is determined by which parent?

8. Why when a homozygous short is crossed with a homozygous tall were all the offspring tall?

9. What type of inheritance is it when one allele is not completely dominate over the other?

10. A mom has A blood type the Dad O blood type what are the possibilities for the kids?

11. Mendel used peas to study what?

12. The law of dominance states…..

13. If a defective gene is on the X chromosome then who normally gives it to the son?

14. Def. of homozygous.

15. Know how to do a sex-linked problem. XAXa x X a Y for instance.

Photosynthesis/Cell Respiration

1. What is the equation for cellular respiration?

2. How are photosynthesis and cellular resp. opposites?

3. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make what?

4. What would happen if you got rid of CO2 to the plant’s production of glucose?

5. What gas is being given off coming from a plant?

DNA/Protein Synthesis

1. What are the subunits of DNA?

2. What is the def. of DNA replication?

3. What is recombinant DNA?

4. What is an example of recombinant DNA being used?

5. Which RNA molecule carries the genetic code to make proteins?

6. Proteins are made due to the sequence of ____________ in a DNA molecule.

7. Which is larger DNA or nucleotide?

8. Which is larger a chromosome or nucleotides?

9. Which is smaller a chromosome or a nucleus?

10. Who/what determines the sequence of MRNA?

11. What are mutations? Are they always bad?

12. Give some examples of mutagens?

13. Genes act together to make ___________.

14. What does a DNA nucleotide contain? (Be specific)

15. Know the translation picture in your book. Can you identify mRNA, tRNA, AA.

16. Where does translation occur in a cell?

17. Which molecule contains ribose has its sugar?

18. Where in the cell does DNA get exchanged to RNA?

19. What makes proteins different from one another?

20. Amino acids are good for us because they help synthesize what???

21. Know how to read the mRNA codon table in your book.

22. What codes for AGC?

23. What is one of the codon sequences for Leucine? Is there more than one?

24. DNA and RNA is what organic compound?

25. What is the function of the nucleus?

26. Which bases go together with DNA?

27. DNA molecules are made up of _____________.

28. Which molecule contains Uracil?