1	UNIT 2: Biodiversity
2	"Ecology=" Ecology= the study of interactions among organisms and their environments. Biosphere= portion of the earth that supports life (from high in atmosphere to ocean depths)
3	"I." I. Living things are affected by both the physical abiotic environment that surrounds them as well as by other living organisms: A. Abiotic Factors: The nonliving environment 1. air, currents, temperature, moisture, soil, light etc. 2. Affect which species can inhabit the environment
4	What are Biotic Factors B. Biotic Factors-- The living environment. 1. relationships with organisms of the same or different species. 2. biotic factors= all living things that inhabit an environment
5	Levels of Organization A. organism= an individual living thing B. population= a group of organisms of the same species that inhabit a specific area and interbreed. C. community= a collection of populations of different species that interact
6	Levels cont’d D. ecosystem= made up of the interactions among the populations in a community and the community's physical/ abiotic surroundings. 1. terrestrial 2. freshwater 3. saltwater (marine) E. Biosphere-- portion of the earth that supports life
7	Organisms in Ecosystems A. Habitat = where an organism lives (habitat destruction= major cause of extinctions/ endangerment) http://www.ocean.com/film.asp?resourceid=3498&catid=48&locationid=3
8	Ecosystems cont’d B. Niche-- the role and position a species has in its environment (includes all interactions of the species with biotic and abiotic components of its habitat)
9	Relationships between organisms A. predator-prey relationship B. Competition C. Symbiosis (living together)-- close and permanent association among organisms of different species
10	*Three types of symbioses 1. parasitism-- one species benefits, the other is harmed (ticks, fleas, tapeworms etc.) ecology pics\tapeworm life cycle.jpg, ecology pics\Trichinella_LifeCycle.gif, ..\..\AP BIO\articles\Diseases and conditions\Guinea worm infection.doc, ecology pics\GuineaWorm treatment.jpg a. parasite b. host 2. mutualism -- both organism benefit (acacia tree and ants) ecology pics\ecology pictures.jpg 3. commensalism-- one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed (could care less) ex. Orchid epiphytes (ecology pics\epiphyte.jpg) geese and falcon (Red breasted geese nest near falcons where they are protected from predators)